Electrophoretic deposition VI: fundamentals and applications

About This Conference

This conference follows from the success of the first five International Conferences on Electrophoretic Deposition: Fundamentals and Applications, organized under sponsorship of ECI in August 2002 (Canada) June 2005 (Italy), October 2008 (Japan), October 2011 (Mexico) and October 2014 (Austria). The goal is to bring together experts working in the area of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) with focus mainly on its application as a processing technique for the fabrication of both traditional and new materials and composites.

Electrophoretic deposition exploits an electric surface charge on particles in suspension, which migrate in the presence of an appropriate electric field enabling the consolidation of particles into films onto any shaped substrate or forming bulk ceramic components. For its successful application, a basic understanding of the colloidal stability, the deposition kinetics, and the constrained drying and sintering issues of the deposit is necessary.

EPD has been known since the last century. Earlier applications have been in the shaping of ceramic articles and in coating technology. New areas of applications of EPD are the low-cost fabrication of composite materials, including fibre reinforced ceramics, nanocomposites, composite laminates and functional gradient materials. Furthermore, EPD of electroceramic particulate materials gives potential advances in a number of applications, including piezoelectric motors, biomedical ultrasound probes, and chemical sensors. Progress has been reported also in the development of EPD as an additive manufacturing technique because it allows precise placement of materials in three dimensions. Moreover EPD is being considered as an important tool in the area of nanotechnology as it enables the production of components of industrial shapes and dimensions from nanoscale elements such as nanoparticles, nanotubes or nanorods. EPD is also being highly considered to develop innovative graphene-based devices. There is also increasing interest in the use of EPD in the field of biomaterials, EPD offers also the possibility to deposit biological entities, including bacteria and cells.

Participants will report on ongoing work in several laboratories world-wide, which is focused on establishing the scientific and engineering fundamental aspects of the EPD process and its applications. Although the basics of EPD are well-known and have been the subject of extensive research, there is still need for a deep, quantitative understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of EPD, in particular when 2- or 3-component suspensions are used with the aim to fabricate complex microstructures. Moreover, predictive models describing the EPD solid particle deposition rate in dependence of EPD parameters are scarce.

On the application side, it is expected that delegates from the industry will focus on concrete applications of EPD, particularly on those areas of materials processing where EPD is being used with commercial success. The organisers believe that the full potential of the EPD technique for materials processing, including the fabrication of novel composite materials with complex microstructures, has not been fully exploited as yet. This has been confirmed by participants at the previous five conferences, including industrial participants. This is the main motivation for the organisation of this sixth international event. The purpose is to maintain a continuing international conference series (with conference organised every three years), which is the only international conference activity dealing specifically with EPD as a material processing tool.

The sixth conference will constitute a unique, timely forum for the discussion of EPD relevant issues among experts active in research and development in this area. It is expected that the success of the previous five conferences and the publicity generated by the publication of the conference proceedings and related journal special issues will lead to a larger number of participants to the sixth conference. We also plan to engage industrial participants by organising a special focus session on industrial applications of EPD.

Session topics and program

The program of the conference will follow a similar format to those of the previous five conferences held in this series. Although some modifications may become necessary, the typical program will include sessions on:

1) Fundamentals of the EPD process and modelling
2) Novel experimental techniques
3) Traditional applications: ceramics
4) Traditional applications: metals and coatings
5) EPD integrated manufacturing technologies (session focusing on industrial applications)
6) Novel applications: composite materials, laminates, nanomaterials, functionally graded materials, materials for solid oxide fuel cells, nanostructured materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene, biomaterials, etc.
7) EPD as an additive manufacturing method and for biofabrication
8) EPD of biological entities, e.g. bacteria, cells and proteins

Keynote speakers (preliminary list)

Stephan Barcikowski, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Dr. Rajendra N. Basu, India
Begoña Ferrari, Institute of Ceramics and Glass, Spain
Weidong He, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Motohide Matsuda, Kumamoto University, Japan
Lobat Tayebi, Marquette University School of Dentistry, USA
Erik T. Thostenson, University of Delaware, USA

Special symposium: “Fundamental Aspects of Electrophoretic Deposition” to celebrate the 70th birthday of Prof. O. van der Biest

A special symposium entitled “ Fundamental Aspects of Electrophoretic Deposition” will be organized within EPD 2017 to celebrate the scientific career of Prof. O. Van der Biest on the year of his 70th birthday, highlighting his many contributions to the field of electrophoretic deposition. Prof. van der Biest has been a co-chair of the EPD conference series since the first conference (EPD 2002, Banff, Canada). Over the years he and his research group have published widely in the field of EPD with focus on the modeling of the process for coatings as well as free standing objects. The work was often tied to practical realizations such as ceramic laminates which show (pseudo-) ductile behavior, functionally graded cutting tools as well as bioceramic implants with tailored nanostructure and functional ceramics with enhanced properties. He has been also involved in the development of a new, now patented, method to carry out EPD in water which allows EPD of bio-entities.

Format

The conference will be held according to the typical format of ECI. It will be held for 4.5 days, beginning on the Sunday evening and continuing until the following Friday afternoon. Morning and afternoon/evening sessions will be scheduled to provide a stimulating balance between formal presentations, small group interactions and informal discussions. Each session will have 1-2 invited keynote lectures, followed by several shorter presentations. According to the number of participants, it will be necessary to have one or two poster sessions, in addition we plan also a rapid firing presentations session for young researchers (PhD students). There will be prizes, as follows, first and second best posters, first and second first presentation of a PhD student. The conference banquet is scheduled for Wednesday evening, so that all participants will attend. Attendance at the conference will be limited to 80-100 participants to encourage maximum interaction. All participants will stay at the conference site.

We have also established the “Electrophoretic Deposition International Network”, the webpage of the Network (http://www.electrophoretic-deposition.com) will be also utilized for publicity of the conference.

Conference Organization

Chair:
Prof. Aldo R. Boccaccini
Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany

Co-Chairs:
Prof. Omer van der Biest
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

Prof. James Dickerson
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA

Dr Tetsuo Uchikoshi
National Institute for Materials Science, Japan

Organizing Committee:

Argentina
M.J. Santillan, National University of Cuyo (Mendoza)
M. Tirado, National University of Tucuman

Belgium
Dr. J. Vleugels, KU Leuven

Canada
Dr. P. Sarkar, Alberta Research Council
Prof. I. Zhitomirsky, McMaster University

Czech Republic
Dr. Jan Grym, Institute of Photonics and Electronics
Dr. H. Hdraba, Central European Institute of Technology

Germany
Prof. S. Barcikowsky, University of Duisburg-Essen
Dr. G. Falk, University of Saarland
Dr. Kirsten Moritz, University of Freiberg

Greece
Prof. Christos Argirusis, National Technical University of Athens

India
L. D. Besra, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology

Iran
Babak Raissi, Materials & Energy Research Center, Iran
Arash Simchi, Sharif University of Technology, Iran

Italy
Federica DeRiccardis, ENEA
Dr. Carmen Galassi, ISTEC Faenza, Italy
Prof. Cristina Leonelli, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Italy

Japan
Dr. J . Hamagami, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Dr. Kiyofumi Katagiri, Hiroshima University, Japan
Prof. A. Matsuda, Toyohashi University of Technology
Dr. Hirokazu Munakata, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Dr. H. Negishi, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Touichi Shimizu, Kyusha Institute of Technology
Dr. Tohru Suzuki, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
Dr . Katsumi Yoshida, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Mexico
Gregorio Vargas-Gutiérrez, Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo

Portugal
Paul Vilarinho, University of Aveiro

Slovenia
Dr. Danjela Kuscer, Jozef Stefan Institute
Dr. Sasa Novak, Jozef Stefan Institute

South Korea
Sunyoung Caroline Lee, Hanyang University

Spain
Dr. Maria Yolanta Castro, Inst. De Ceramica y Vidrio
Dr. B. Ferraris, Inst. de Ceramic y Vidrio
Dr. Eva Garcia, CIDETEC
Dr. R. Moreno, Inst. De Ceramica y Vidrio

Turkey
C. Kaya, Yildiz University

United Kingdom
Peter Hope, Clearclad
Prof. Mary P. Ryan, Imperial College London

United States
Prof. Cullen R. Buie, MIT
Prof. Dennis Desheng Meng, University of Texas at Arlington
Prof. J. B. Talbot, University of Califorinia, San Diego

Submission of Abstracts

Original papers for presentations at the above listed sessions are invited. If you wish to be considered for an oral or poster presentation, please submit a one-page (300 words) abstract. The abstract should include both the significance of the research as well as results that will be discussed in order to allow a scientific assessment of the work by the organizers. Please indicate the session for which you are submitting your abstract, or else select “poster presentation”.

All abstracts should be submitted electronically and submissions must follow the template provided at this link.

All abstracts will be reviewed by the session chairs.

Deadlines

Abstracts for oral presentation: September 30, 2016

Abstracts for poster presentations: March 1, 2017

Graduate students and young investigators are particularly encouraged to present posters. An evening poster session will be an integral part of the conference.

If an abstract has multiple authors, each of whom wishes an invitation to attend the conference, each author must submit a separate application.

Conference Venue

Gyeongju, Korea
Gyeongju is Korea’s ancient cultural city, the capital of the once great Silla Kingdom (BC 57~AD 935). It is located approximately 350 km southeast of Seoul. When the Silla Kingdom reached the peak of its development, Gyeongju was estimated to have one million residents – four times its current size.

UNESCO designated it both as one of ten World Heritage sites in Korea and as one of the world’s ten most important ancient cultural cities, both for its position in the historical and cultural development of East Asia and for its role in the formation of the Korean nation. Because of the vast number of archeological sites and cultural properties that remain in this city, Gyeongju is often referred to as “the museum without walls”. It is the main destination in South Korea for visitors interested in the cultural heritage of Silla and the architecture of the Joseon Dynasty.

From that ancient kingdom, only stone structures, a portion of its artwork, and its legends remain. Gyeongju and its environs contain hundreds of royal tombs, temples, palace sites, fortress ruins, pagodas, and rock sculptures. Finely crafted gold and silver ornaments, skillfully shaped clay figures and pottery, metal utensils and weapons, and an astonishing number of other objects discovered here are now displayed in the Gyeongju and Seoul national museums.

At the same time Julius Caesar was in power in Rome, walled towns were forming on the Korean Peninsula. One of these, Silla (Saro) became the first unifier of the peninsula, initiating 250 years of relative peace and prosperity and ushering in the cultural renaissance. By the 3rd century, Saro became known as Geumseong (“City of Gold”), only later to be called Gyeongju.

With broad advancement in government, education, military, science, technology, and the creative arts, Silla developed a highly complex and vibrant society. Silla exchanged much in trade and ideas with the more advanced Tang China, and also acted as a conduit to Japanese islands, particularly for religion, philosophy, architecture, and arts. Confucianism (introduced in 503) and Buddhism (which became the state religion in the 530s) helped strengthen the social fabric and moral standards. The period from 600 to 800 was a time of high cultural attainment, relative affluence, learning, and artistic refinement, known as Silla’s “Golden Age.”

In the mid-1300s, the Mongols ravaged Gyeongju, burning many wooden treasures. In the 1590s it was invaded and razed by the Japanese army which carried away many treasures. Only the tombs were not violated. In the early 20th century the treasures of Gyeongju were “rediscovered.” Japanese and Korean experts first did the excavating; later, international organizations came to help. Digging continues, and every year there are new discoveries.

Tombs
Mounded tombs, the most obvious remnant of the city’s past, dominate your view as you approach this historic city. Many of the early tombs were constructed near the Banwolseong palace site. Others were constructed outside the city boundary, in the midst of flat farming fields and at the foot of the low hills that rim this valley.

Early tombs were simple rounded mounds. Some were set on a raised earthen dais surrounded by natural stones, while others were rimmed with a retaining wall of cut stone slabs. Later these slabs were engraved with zodiac figures, the mounds surrounded by a stone fence, and civilian, military, and animal statuary set in front of the tomb as symbolic guardians. Most tombs are single mounds, but several are double-humped, presumably containing both a king and a queen. Tomb mounds range from a few meters in diameter and height to one that’s 25 meters high. Gyeongju became in effect a royal Silla cemetery. Over 670 tombs dot the city and surrounding plains; dozens more are scattered throughout the former Silla territory.

One of the most popular tourist attractions is Cheonmachong – or “heavenly horse tomb”. The tomb does not contain a horse but the name comes from a painting of a heavenly horse that was found during the tomb’s excavation. The mound is 12.7 meters high and 47 meters in diameter. The site was made into a museum to reveal how it was excavated with imitations of the uncovered artifacts placed in the positions I which they were found.

Bulguksa Temple
Bulguksa Temple is the representative relic of Gyeongju and was designated as a World Cultural Asset by UNESCO in 1995. The temple was built in 528 during the Silla Dynasty and was called Hwaeom Bulguksa Temple or Beopryusa Temple at first. After 17 years of construction under three kings, the name ‘Bulguksa’ was finally given to the temple.

Set amid the foothills of T’ohamsan, the beautiful aesthetics of the temple complex complement the surrounding area. The scenes are are breathtaking, especially in the autumn as the colors change.

The temple’s magnificent design and its structure is in itself a beauty, but it also has many cultural relics preserved within it, such as Dabotap, Sukgatap and Golden Seated Vairocana Buddhist Figure. The Dabotap and Seokgatap are major pagodas of Korea. Designated as Korean National Treasures in 1962, each measure 10.4 meters and 8.2 meters in height and stand on the east and west sides of the yard. Both are outstanding examples of 8th-century Unified Silla architecture and the skillfully balance the square, octagonal and circle in one design.

Seokguran Grotto
The Seokguran Grotto is a hermitage and part of the Bulguksa temple complex. It lies four km east of the temple on Mt. Tohamsan and overlooks the Sea of Japan (East Sea). It exemplifies some of the best Buddhist sculptures in the world.

Seokguran, located on Mt.Tohamsan was designated as World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1995. It is an artificial stone temple made of granites. The construction started in 751 during the reign of King Gyeong-Deok of the Silla Dynasty and it was finished in 774, after 24 years.

Seokguran is known to have been built with Bulguksa Temple. According to the history book Samgukyusa of the Goryeo Dynasty (the country that unified the Korean peninsula at the end of the Silla Dynasty, 918~1392), Kim Dae-Seong had built Bulguksa for the parents who were alive, and Seokguran for the parents of his former life.

The geology of the Korean Peninsula, which contains an abundance of hard granite, is not conducive to carving stone images into cliff walls. Seokguran is an artificial grotto made from granite and unique in design. The small size of the grotto indicates that it was probably used exclusively by the Silla royalty. Seokguran is an artificial stone temple made of granites, and is located on the eastern peak of Mt. Toham (745m sea level).

The grotto is symbolic of a spiritual journey into Nirvana. Pilgrims were to start at Bulguksa or at the foot of Mt. Tohamsan, a holy mountain to the Silla. There was a fountain at the entrance of the shrine where pilgrims could refresh themselves. Inside the grotto, the antechamber and corridor represented the earth while the rotunda represented heaven.

The centerpiece of the granite sanctuary is a Buddha statue seated in the main chamber surrounded by fifteen panels of bodhisattvas. The Buddha is seated on a lotus throne with legs crossed and has a serene expression of meditation. The Buddha is surrounded by fifteen panels of bodhisattvas, arhats and ancient Indian gods. Forty different figures representing Buddhist principles and teaches are in the grotto. The grotto was built around these statues in order to protect them from weathering. The rounded ceiling, decorated with half moons, looks like a half-moon. The top is decorated with a lotus flower. Inside the round-shaped main hall, there are the Bonjon Statue, Bodhi-sattva and his disciples. Seokguran was built to preserve these statues. The Bonjon figure wearing a generous smile is seated on the stage engraved with lotus flower design. The rounded ceiling looks like a half-moon or a bow and has a lotus flower decorated cover on it. As the sunrise from this spot is so beautiful, many people climb the mountain at daybreak.

The main Buddha is a highly regarded piece of Buddhist art. It is 3.5 meters in height. It represents the Seokguran Buddha, the historic Buddha at the moment of enlightenment. The interior of the grotto can now only be viewed through a glass wall, installed to protect it from both the temperature change and tourists.

Gyeongju National Museum
The Gyeongju National Museum has a superb collection of Silla Dynasty artifacts – approximately 100,000 pieces, of which only about 3,000 are on display at any one time. Visitors may rent audio cassettes.

Spaced around the museum grounds are various relics recovered from excavations around the country. Pieces of statues, temple ornaments, bridges, stupas, and other monuments line the walkways. Some have brief descriptions of their purpose and where they came from, while others are just left for the viewing of visitors. There are also reproductions of the two great pagodas of Bulguksa temple. The trees that line the walkways burst with cherry blossoms in the Spring an drop multicolored leaves in the Fall.

There is an outdoor exhibition area with numerous stone objects and statuary from the area, and reproductions of the two great pagodas of Bulguksa temple. From filigree gold crowns to earthenware pots and granite statuary, the collection illustrates the great craftsmanship of Silla artisans and is a graphic display of the tangible cultural heritage of the dynasty.

Emille Bell
Korea’s largest and most beloved bell hangs in the museum yard. Popularly known as the “Emille Bell”, it was cast in 771. At 3.3 meters high, 2.3 meters wide and reputedly weighing a phenomenal 23,000 kg. This skillfully wrought and gracefully embellished bell is one of the world’s largest. While smaller bells ring with a melodious peal, the Emille Bell booms with the roar of a dragon, and can be heard 40 kilometers away on a crisp winter night. According to legend, the bell would not ring when it was first cast, so it was melted down to be recast. The head priest of a temple threw a small child into the molten metal, saying he was told to do so by a vision. When the bell was recast and struck, it sounded like the baby’s cries of em-ee-leh when the child was sacrificed.

Bomun Lake Resort
This man-made lake is located below the old fortress of Myonhwal-san. Opened in 1978, Bomun Lake Resort is about eight kilometers east of downtown Gyeongju. Most of the accommodations and attractions here line its northern shore, with the concentration at its eastern end. There is a tourist information desk, shopping complex with numerous shops and restaurants, and an outdoor stage with a multi-story pagoda as backdrop. From April to November, music, dance, and other cultural performances are staged here free of charge at the Bomun Outdoor Performance Theater.

From the nearby pier, rowboats and paddleboats can be rented, and a swan-shaped excursion boat departs for a short tour of the lake. Bicycles can be rented from various vendors. The Sonjae Museum of Contemporary Art is located on the grounds of the Kyongju Hilton Hotel and features works from contemporary Korean artists and occasional exhibitions by foreign artists. An outdoor sculpture garden holds oversize pieces, which give you a preview of the style of the artwork displayed inside. Bicycles can be rented from various vendors. The Sonjae Museum of Contemporary Art is located on the grounds of the Kyongju Hilton Hotel and features works from contemporary Korean artists and occasional exhibitions by foreign artists. An outdoor sculpture garden holds oversize pieces, which give you a preview of the style of the artwork displayed inside.

A huge traditional water mill and 12-meter high artificial waterfall, the largest of its kind in Korea, are located in the Bomun Lake Resort. The resort also features a 100-meter fountain with scheduled performances.

Three of Gyeongju’s four golf courses are located near the lake and the Gyeongju National Park borders the eastern side of this lake.

General Information

Engineering Conferences International (ECI) is a not-for-profit, global engineering conferences program, originally established in 1962 that provides opportunities for the exploration of problems and issues of concern to engineers and scientists from many disciplines.

The format of the conference provides morning and late afternoon or evening sessions in which major presentations are made. Poster sessions will be scheduled for evening discussion as well. Available time is included during the afternoons for ad hoc meetings, informal discussions, and/or recreation. This format is designed to enhance rapport among participants and promote dialogue on the development of the meeting. We believe the conferences have been instrumental in generating ideas and disseminating information to a greater extent than is possible through more conventional forums.

All participants are expected both to attend the entire conference and to contribute actively to the discussions. The recording/photographing of lectures and presentations is forbidden. As ECI conferences take place in an informal atmosphere, casual clothing is the usual attire.